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CHANGES IN R 4.1.0| NEWS | R Documentation |
CHANGES IN R 4.1.0It is planned that the 4.1.x series will be the last to support 32-bit Windows, with production of binary packages for that series continuing until early 2023.
Data set esoph in package datasets now provides
the correct numbers of controls; previously it had the numbers of
cases added to these. (Reported by Alexander Fowler in PR#17964.)
www.omegahat.net is no longer one of the repositories
known by default to setRepositories(). (Nowadays it only
provides source packages and is often unavailable.)
Function package_dependencies() (in package
tools) can now use different dependency types for direct and
recursive dependencies.
The checking of the size of tarball in
R CMD check --as-cran <pkg> may be tweaked via the new
environment variable
_R_CHECK_CRAN_INCOMING_TARBALL_THRESHOLD_, as suggested in
PR#17777 by Jan Gorecki.
Using c() to combine a factor with other factors now
gives a factor, an ordered factor when combining ordered factors
with identical levels.
apply() gains a simplify argument to allow
disabling of simplification of results.
The format() method for class "ftable" gets a
new option justify. (Suggested by Thomas Soeiro.)
New ...names() utility. (Proposed by Neal Fultz in
PR#17705.)
type.convert() now warns when its as.is argument
is not specified, as the help file always said it should. In
that case, the default is changed to TRUE in line with its
change in read.table() (related to stringsAsFactor) in
R 4.0.0.
When printing list arrays, classed objects are now shown
via their format() value if this is a short enough
character string, or by giving the first elements of their class
vector and their length.
capabilities() gets new entry "Rprof" which is
TRUE when R has been configured with the equivalent of
--enable-R-profiling (as it is by default). (Related to
Michael Orlitzky's report PR#17836.)
str(xS4) now also shows extraneous attributes of an
S4 object xS4.
Rudimentary support for vi-style tags in rtags() and
R CMD rtags has been added. (Based on a patch from Neal
Fultz in PR#17214.)
checkRdContents() is now exported from tools; it
and also checkDocFiles() have a new option chkInternal
allowing to check Rd files marked with keyword "internal" as
well. The latter can be activated for R CMD check via
environment variable _R_CHECK_RD_INTERNAL_TOO_.
New functions numToBits() and numToInts()
extend the raw conversion utilities to (double precision)
numeric.
Functions URLencode() and URLdecode() in
package utils now work on vectors of URIs.
(Based on patch from Bob Rudis submitted with PR#17873.)
path.expand() can expand ~user on most
Unix-alikes even when readline is not in use. It tries
harder to expand ~, for example should environment variable
HOME be unset.
For HTML help (both dynamic and static), Rd file links to help pages in external packages are now treated as references to topics rather than file names, and fall back to a file link only if the topic is not found in the target package. The earlier rule which prioritized file names over topics can be restored by setting the environment variable _R_HELP_LINKS_TO_TOPICS_ to a false value.
c() now removes NULL arguments before
dispatching to methods, thus simplifying the implementation of
c() methods, but for back compatibility keeps
NULL when it is the first argument. (From a report and
patch proposal by Lionel Henry in PR#17900.)
Vectorize()'s result function's environment no longer
keeps unneeded objects.
Function ...elt() now propagates visibility
consistently with ..n. (Thanks to Lionel Henry's
PR#17905.)
capture.output() no longer uses non-standard
evaluation to evaluate its arguments. This makes evaluation of
functions like parent.frame() more consistent. (Thanks to
Lionel Henry's PR#17907.)
packBits(bits, type="double") now works as inverse of
numToBits(). (Thanks to Bill Dunlap's proposal in
PR#17914.)
curlGetHeaders() has two new arguments,
timeout to specify the timeout for that call (overriding
getOption("timeout")) and TLS to specify the minimum
TLS protocol version to be used for https:// URIs
(inter alia providing a means to check for sites using
deprecated TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1).
For nls(), an optional constant scaleOffset
may be added to the denominator of the relative offset convergence
test for cases where the fit of a model is expected to be exact,
thanks to a proposal by John Nash. nls(*, trace=TRUE) now
also shows the convergence criterion.
Numeric differentiation via numericDeriv()
gets new optional arguments eps and central, the
latter for taking central divided differences. The latter can be
activated for nls() via nls.control(nDcentral =
TRUE).
nls() now passes the trace and control
arguments to getInitial(), notably for all self-starting models,
so these can also be fit in zero-noise situations via a
scaleOffset. For this reason, the initial function of a
selfStart model must now have ... in its argument list.
bquote(splice = TRUE) can now splice expression
vectors with attributes: this makes it possible to splice the
result of parse(keep.source = TRUE). (Report and patch
provided by Lionel Henry in PR#17869.)
textConnection() gets an optional name argument.
get(), exists(), and get0() now signal
an error if the first argument has length greater than 1.
Previously additional elements were silently ignored. (Suggested
by Antoine Fabri on R-devel.)
R now provides a shorthand notation for creating functions,
e.g. \(x) x + 1 is parsed as function(x) x + 1.
R now provides a simple native forward pipe syntax
|>. The simple form of the forward pipe inserts the
left-hand side as the first argument in the right-hand side call.
The pipe implementation as a syntax transformation was motivated
by suggestions from Jim Hester and Lionel Henry.
all.equal(f, g) for functions now by default also
compares their environment(.)s, notably via new
all.equal method for class function. Comparison of
nls() fits, e.g., may now need all.equal(m1, m2,
check.environment = FALSE).
.libPaths() gets a new option include.site,
allowing to not include the site library. (Thanks to Dario
Strbenac's suggestion and Gabe Becker's PR#18016.)
Lithuanian translations are now available. (Thanks to Rimantas Žakauskas.)
names() now works for DOTSXP objects. On the
other hand, in ‘R-lang’, the R language manual, we now warn
against relying on the structure or even existence of such
dot-dot-dot objects.
all.equal() no longer gives an error on DOTSXP
objects.
capabilities("cairo") now applies only to the
file-based devices as it is now possible (if very unusual) to
build R with Cairo support for those but not for X11().
There is optional support for tracing the progress of
loadNamespace() — see its help.
(Not Windows.)
l10n_info() reports an additional element, the name of the
encoding as reported by the OS (which may differ from the
encoding part (if any) of the result from
Sys.getlocale("LC_CTYPE").
New function gregexec() which generalizes regexec()
to find all disjoint matches and well as all substrings
corresponding to parenthesized subexpressions of the given regular
expression. (Contributed by Brodie Gaslam.)
New function charClass() in package utils to
query the wide-character classification functions in use (such as
iswprint).
The names of quantile()'s result no longer depend on the
global getOption("digits"), but quantile() gets a new
optional argument digits = 7 instead.
grep(), sub(), regexp and variants work
considerably faster for long factors with few levels. (Thanks to
Michael Chirico's PR#18063.)
Provide grouping of x11() graphics windows within
a window manager such as Gnome or Unity; thanks to a
patch by Ivan Krylov posted to R-devel.
The split() method for class data.frame now
allows the f argument to be specified as a formula.
sprintf now warns on arguments unused by the format
string.
New palettes "Rocket" and "Mako" for
hcl.colors() (approximating palettes of the same name
from the 'viridisLite' package).
Contributed by Achim Zeileis.
The base environment and its namespace are now locked (so one can no longer add bindings to these or remove from these).
Rterm handling of multi-byte characters has been
improved, allowing use of such characters when supported by the
current locale.
Rterm now accepts ALT+ +xxxxxxxx sequences to
enter Unicode characters as hex digits.
Environment variable LC_ALL on Windows now takes precedence over LC_CTYPE and variables for other supported categories, matching the POSIX behaviour.
duplicated() and anyDuplicated() are now
optimized for integer and real vectors that are known to be sorted
via the ALTREP framework. Contributed by Gabriel Becker via PR#17993.
The graphics engine version, R_GE_version, has been
bumped to 14 and so packages that provide graphics devices
should be reinstalled.
Graphics devices should now specify deviceVersion to
indicate what version of the graphics engine they support.
Graphics devices can now specify deviceClip. If
TRUE, the graphics engine will never perform any clipping
of output itself.
The clipping that the graphics engine does perform (for both
canClip = TRUE and canClip = FALSE) has been
improved to avoid producing unnecessary artifacts in clipped
output.
The grid package now allows gpar(fill) to be
a linearGradient(), a radialGradient(), or a
pattern(). The viewport(clip) can now also be
a grob, which defines a clipping path, and there is a new
viewport(mask) that can also be a grob, which defines
a mask.
These new features are only supported so far on the Cairo-based
graphics devices and on the pdf() device.
(Not Windows.)
A warning is given when a Cairo-based type is specified for a
png(), jpeg(), tiff() or bmp()
device but Cairo is unsupported (so type = "Xlib"
is tried instead).
grSoftVersion() now reports the versions of FreeType
and FontConfig if they are used directly (not via Pango),
as is most commonly done on macOS.
The standalone ‘libRmath’ math library and R's C
API now provide log1pexp() again as documented, and gain
log1mexp().
configure checks for a program pkgconf
if program pkg-config is not found. These are now only
looked for on the path (like almost all other programs) so if needed
specify a full path to the command in PKG_CONFIG, for example
in file ‘config.site’.
C99 function iswblank is required – it was last seen
missing ca 2003 so the workaround has been removed.
There are new configure options
--with-internal-iswxxxxx,
--with-internal-towlower and
--with-internal-wcwidth which allows the system functions
for wide-character classification, case-switching and width
(wcwidth and wcswidth) to be replaced by internal
ones. The first has long been used on macOS, AIX (and Windows)
but this enables it to be unselected there and selected for other
platforms (it is the new default on Solaris). The second is new
in this version of R and is selected by default on macOS and
Solaris. The third has long been the default and remains so as it
contains customizations for East Asian languages.
System versions of these functions are often minimally implemented (sometimes only for ASCII characters) and may not cover the full range of Unicode points: for example Solaris (and Windows) only cover the Basic Multilingual Plane.
Cairo installations without X11 are more likely to be
detected by configure, when the file-based Cairo
graphics devices will be available but not X11(type =
"cairo").
There is a new configure option
--with-static-cairo which is the default on macOS. This
should be used when only static cairo (and where relevant, Pango)
libraries are available.
Cairo-based graphics devices on platforms without Pango but with FreeType/FontConfig will make use of the latter for font selection.
Configuring with flag --enable-lto=R now also uses LTO when installing the recommended packages.
R CMD INSTALL and R CMD SHLIB have a new
flag --use-LTO to use LTO when compiling code, for use
with R configured with --enable-lto=R. For R
configured with --enable-lto, they have the new flag
--no-use-LTO.
Packages can opt in or out of LTO compilation via a UseLTO field in the ‘DESCRIPTION’ file. (As usual this can be overridden by the command-line flags.)
for GCC >= 8, FC_LEN_T is defined in
‘config.h’ and hence character lengths are passed from C to
Fortran in inter alia BLAS and LAPACK calls.
There is a new text file ‘src/gnuwin32/README.compilation’, which outlines how C/Fortran code compilation is organized and documents new features:
R can be built with Link-Time Optimization with a suitable compiler – doing so with GCC 9.2 showed several inconsistencies which have been corrected.
There is support for cross-compiling the C and Fortran code in R and standard packages on suitable (Linux) platforms. This is mainly intended to allow developers to test later versions of compilers – for example using GCC 9.2 or 10.x has detected issues that GCC 8.3 in Rtools40 does not.
There is experimental support for cross-building R packages with C, C++ and/or Fortran code.
The R installer can now be optionally built to support a single architecture (only 64-bit or only 32-bit).
The default C++ standard has been changed to C++14 where available (which it is on all currently checked platforms): if not (as before) C++11 is used if available otherwise C++ is not supported.
Packages which specify C++11 will still be installed using C++11.
C++14 compilers may give deprecation warnings, most often for
std::random_shuffle (deprecated in C++14 and removed in
C++17). Either specify C++11 (see ‘Writing R Extensions’)
or modernize the code and if needed specify C++14. The latter has
been supported since R 3.4.0 so the package's ‘DESCRIPTION’
would need to include something like
Depends: R (>= 3.4)
R CMD INSTALL and R CMD SHLIB make use
of their flag --use-LTO when the LTO_OPT make
macro is set in file ‘etc/${R_ARCH}/Makeconf’ or in a
personal/site ‘Makevars’ file. (For details see
‘Writing R Extensions’ §4.5.)
This provides a valuable check on code consistency. It does work with GCC 8.3 as in Rtools40, but that does not detect everything the CRAN checks with current GCC do.
The default personal library directory on builds with --enable-aqua (including CRAN builds) now differs by CPU type, one of
~/Library/R/x86_64/x.y/library
~/Library/R/arm64/x.y/library
This uses the CPU type R (and hence the packages) were built for, so when a x86_64 build of R is run under Rosetta emulation on an arm64 Mac, the first is used.
R CMD check can now scan package functions for
bogus return statements, which were possibly intended as
return() calls (wish of PR#17180, patch by Sebastian
Meyer). This check can be activated via the new environment
variable _R_CHECK_BOGUS_RETURN_, true for --as-cran.
R CMD build omits tarballs and binaries of
previous builds from the top-level package directory.
(PR#17828, patch by Sebastian Meyer.)
R CMD check now runs sanity checks on the use of
LazyData, for example that a ‘data’ directory is
present and that LazyDataCompression is not specified
without LazyData and has a documented value. For packages
with large LazyData databases without specifying
LazyDataCompression, there is a reference to the code given
in ‘Writing R Extensions’ §1.1.6 to test the choice of
compression (as in all the CRAN packages tested a
non-default method was preferred).
R CMD build removes LazyData and
LazyDataCompression fields from the ‘DESCRIPTION’ file
of packages without a ‘data’ directory.
The parser now treats \Unnnnnnnn escapes larger than the upper limit for Unicode points (\U10FFFF) as an error as they cannot be represented by valid UTF-8.
Where such escapes are used for outputting non-printable (including unassigned) characters, 6 hex digits are used (rather than 8 with leading zeros). For clarity, braces are used, for example \U{0effff}.
The parser now looks for non-ASCII spaces on Solaris (as previously on most other OSes).
There are warnings (including from the parser) on the use of unpaired surrogate Unicode points such as \uD834. (These cannot be converted to valid UTF-8.)
Functions nchar(), tolower(), toupper()
and chartr() and those using regular expressions have more
support for inputs with a marked Latin-1 encoding.
The character-classification functions used (by default) to
replace the system iswxxxxx functions on Windows, macOS and
AIX have been updated to Unicode 13.0.0.
The character-width tables have been updated to include new assignments in Unicode 13.0.0.
The code for evaluating default (extended) regular expressions now uses the same character-classification functions as the rest of R (previously they differed on Windows, macOS and AIX).
There is a build-time option to replace the system's
wide-character wctrans C function by tables shipped with
R: use configure option
--with-internal-towlower or (on Windows)
-DUSE_RI18N_CASE in CFLAGS when building R. This
may be needed to allow tolower() and toupper() to
work with Unicode characters beyond the Basic Multilingual Plane
where not supported by system functions (e.g. on Solaris where it
is the new default).
R is more careful when truncating UTF-8 and other multi-byte strings that are too long to be printed, passed to the system or libraries or placed into an internal buffer. Truncation will no longer produce incomplete multibyte characters.
Function plclust() from the package stats and
package.dependencies(), pkgDepends(),
getDepList(), installFoundDepends(), and
vignetteDepends() from package tools are defunct.
Defunct functions checkNEWS() and readNEWS() from
package tools and CRAN.packages() from utils have
been removed.
R CMD config CXXCPP is defunct (it was deprecated
in R 3.6.2).
parallel::detectCores() drops support for Irix
(retired in 2013).
The LINPACK argument to chol.default(),
chol2inv(), solve.default() and svd() has
been defunct since R 3.1.0. It was silently ignored up to R
4.0.3 but now gives an error.
Subsetting/indexing, such as ddd[*] or ddd$x
on a DOTSXP (dot-dot-dot) object ddd has been
disabled; it worked by accident only and was undocumented.
Many more C-level allocations (mainly by malloc and
strdup) are checked for success with suitable alternative
actions.
Bug fix for replayPlot(); this was turning off
graphics engine display list recording if a recorded plot was
replayed in the same session. The impact of the bug became
visible if resize the device after replay OR if attempted another
savePlot() after replay (empty display list means empty
screen on resize or empty saved plot).
R CMD check etc now warn when a package exports
non-existing S4 classes or methods, also in case of no
“methods” presence. (Reported by Alex Bertram;
reproducible example and patch by Sebastian Meyer in PR#16662.)
boxplot() now also accepts calls for labels such
as ylab, the same as plot(). (Reported by Marius Hofert.)
The help page for xtabs() now correctly states that
addNA is setting na.action = na.pass among others.
(Reported as PR#17770 by Thomas Soeiro.)
The R CMD check <pkg> gives a longer and more
comprehensible message when ‘DESCRIPTION’ misses dependencies,
e.g., in Imports:. (Thanks to the contributors of PR#17179.)
update.default() now calls the generic update()
on the formula to work correctly for models with extended formulas.
(As reported and suggested by Neal Fultz in PR#17865.)
The horizontal position of leaves in a dendrogram is now
correct also with center = FALSE. (PR#14938, patch from
Sebastian Meyer.)
all.equal.POSIXt() no longer warns about and
subsequently ignores inconsistent "tzone" attributes, but
describes the difference in its return value (PR#17277).
This check can be disabled via the new argument
check.tzone = FALSE as suggested by Sebastian Meyer.
as.POSIXct() now populates the "tzone"
attribute from its tz argument when x is a logical
vector consisting entirely of NA values.
x[[2^31]] <- v now works. (Thanks to the report and
patch by Suharto Anggono in PR#17330.)
In log-scale graphics, axis() ticks and label positions
are now computed more carefully and symmetrically in their range,
typically providing more ticks, fulfilling wishes
in PR#17936. The change really corresponds to an improved
axisTicks() (package grDevices), potentially influencing
grid and lattice, for example.
qnorm(<very large negative>, log.p=TRUE) is now correct
to at least five digits where it was catastrophically wrong,
previously.
sum(df) and similar "Summary"- and
"Math"-group member functions now work for data frames
df with logical columns, notably also of zero
rows. (Reported to R-devel by Martin “b706”.)
unsplit() had trouble with tibbles due to unsound use of
rep(NA, len)-indexing, which should use NA_integer_
(Reported to R-devel by Mario Annau.)
pnorm(x, log.p = TRUE) underflows to -Inf slightly
later.
show(<hidden S4 generic>) prints better and without
quotes for non-hidden S4 generics.
read.table() and relatives treated an "NA" column name as
missing when check.names = FALSE PR#18007.
Parsing strings containing UTF-16 surrogate pairs such as
"\uD834\uDD1E" works better on some (uncommon) platforms.
sprintf("%X", utf8ToInt("\uD834\uDD1E")) should now give
"1D11E" on all platforms.
identical(x,y) is no longer true for differing
DOTSXP objects, fixing PR#18032.
str() now works correctly for DOTSXP and related
exotics, even when these are doomed.
Additionally, it no longer fails for lists with a class and
“irregular” method definitions such that e.g. lapply(*) will
necessarily fail, as currently for different igraph objects.
Too long lines in environment files (e.g. Renviron) no
longer crash R. This limit has been increased to 100,000 bytes.
(PR#18001.)
There is a further workaround for FreeType giving incorrect italic font faces with cairo-based graphics devices on macOS.
add_datalist(*, force = TRUE) (from package
tools) now actually updates an existing ‘data/datalist’
file for new content. (Thanks to a report and patch by Sebastian
Meyer in PR#18048.)
cut.Date() and cut.POSIXt() could produce an
empty last interval for breaks = "months" or breaks =
"years". (Reported as PR#18053 by Christopher Carbone.)
Detection of the encoding of ‘regular’ macOS locales such as en_US (which is UTF-8) had been broken by a macOS change: fortunately these are now rarely used with en_US.UTF-8 being preferred.
sub() and gsub(pattern, repl, x, *) now keep
attributes of x such as names() also when
pattern is NA (PR#18079).
Time differences ("difftime" objects) get a replacement
and a rep() method to keep "units" consistent.
(Thanks to a report and patch by Nicolas Bennett in PR#18066.)
The \RdOpts macro, setting defaults for \Sexpr
options in an Rd file, had been ineffective since R 2.12.0: it
now works again.
(Thanks to a report and patch by Sebastian Meyer in PR#18073.)
mclapply and pvec no longer accidentally terminate
parallel processes started before by mcparallel or related
calls in package parallel (PR#18078).
grep and other functions for evaluating (extended)
regular expressions handle in Unicode also strings not explicitly
flagged UTF-8, but flagged native when running in UTF-8 locale.
Fixed a crash in fifo implementation on Windows
(PR#18031).
Binary mode in fifo on Windows is now properly detected
from argument open (PR#15600, PR#18031).
CHANGES IN R 4.0.5 The change to the internal table in R 4.0.4 for
iswprint has been reverted: it contained some errors in
printability of ‘East Asian’ characters.
For packages using LazyData, R CMD build
ignored the --resave-data option and the
BuildResaveData field of the ‘DESCRIPTION’ file (in R
versions 4.0.0 to 4.0.4).
CHANGES IN R 4.0.4File ‘share/texmf/tex/latex/jss.cls’ has been updated to work with LaTeX versions since Oct 2020.
Unicode character width tables (as used by
nchar(, type = "w")) have been updated to Unicode 12.1
by Brodie Gaslam (PR#17781), including many emoji.
The internal table for iswprint (used on Windows,
macOS and AIX) has been updated to include many recent Unicode
characters.
If an external BLAS is specified by --with-blas=foo or via environment variable BLAS_LIBS is not found, this is now a configuration error. The previous behaviour was not clear from the documentation: it was to continue the search as if --with-blas=yes was specified.
all.equal(x,y) now “sees” the two different
NAs in factors, thanks to Bill Dunlap and others in
PR#17897.
(~ NULL)[1] and similar formula subsetting now works,
thanks to a report and patch by Henrik Bengtsson in PR#17935.
Additionally, subsetting leaving an empty formula now works too,
thanks to suggestions by Suharto Anggono.
.traceback(n) keeps source references again, as before
R 4.0.0, fixing a regression; introduced by the PR#17580, reported
including two patch proposals by Brodie Gaslam.
unlist(plst, recursive=FALSE) no longer drops content
for pairlists with list components, thanks to the report and patch
by Suharto Anggono in PR#17950.
iconvlist() now also works on MUSL based (Linux)
systems, from a report and patch suggestion by Wesley Chan in
PR#17970.
round() and signif() no longer tolerate wrong
argument names, notably in 1-argument calls; reported by Shane
Mueller on R-devel (mailing list); later reported as PR#17976.
.Machine has longdouble.* elements only if
capabilities("long.double") is true, as documented.
(Previously they were included if the platform had long
double identical to double, as ARM does.)
p.adjust(numeric(), n=0) now works, fixing PR#18002.
identical(x,y) no longer prints "Unknown Type .." for
typeof(x) == "..." objects.
Fix (auto-)print()ing of named complex vectors, see
PR#17868 and PR#18019.
all.equal(<language>, <...>) now works, fixing PR#18029.
as.data.frame.list(L, row.names=NULL) now behaves in line
with data.frame(), disregarding names of components of
L, fixing PR#18034, reported by Kevin Tappe.
checkRdaFiles(ff)$version is now correct also when
ff contains files of different versions, thanks to a report
and patch from Sebastian Meyer in PR#18041.
Message translation domains, e.g., for errors and warnings, are
now correctly determined also when e.g., a base function is
called from “top-level” function (i.e., defined in globalenv()),
thanks to a patch from Joris Goosen fixing PR#17998.
macOS: Quartz device live drawing could fail (no plot is shown) if the system changes the drawing context after view update (often the case since macOS Big Sur). System log may show "CGContextDelegateCreateForContext: invalid context" error.
CHANGES IN R 4.0.3 On platforms using configure option
--with-internal-tzcode, additional values
"internal" and (on macOS only) "macOS" are accepted
for the environment variable TZDIR. (See ?TZDIR.)
On macOS, "macOS" is used by default if the system timezone
database is a newer version than that in the R installation.
When install.packages(type = "source") fails to find
a package in a repository it mentions package versions which are
excluded by their R version requirement and links to hints on
why a package might not be found.
The default value for options("timeout") can be set
from environment variable R_DEFAULT_INTERNET_TIMEOUT, still
defaulting to 60 (seconds) if that is not set or invalid.
This may be needed when child R processes are doing downloads, for example during the installation of source packages which download jars or other forms of data.
There is now support for parallelized Link-Time Optimization
(LTO) with GCC and for ‘thin’ LTO with
clang via setting the LTO macro.
There is support for setting a different LTO flag for the
Fortran compiler, including to empty when mixing clang
and gfortran (as on macOS). See file ‘config.site’.
There is a new LTO_LD macro to set linker options for LTO compilation, for example to select an alternative linker or to parallelize thin LTO.
The LINPACK argument to chol.default(),
chol2inv(), solve.default() and svd() has been
defunct since R 3.1.0. Using it now gives a warning which will
become an error in R 4.1.0.
The code mitigating stack overflow with PCRE regexps on very long strings is enabled for PCRE2 < 10.30 also when JIT is enabled, since stack overflows have been seen in that case.
Fix to correctly show the group labels in dotchart()
(which where lost in the ylab improvement for R 4.0.0).
addmargins(*, ..) now also works when fn() is a
local function, thanks to bug report and patch PR#17124 from Alex
Bertram.
rank(x) and hence sort(x) now work when x
is an object (as per is.object(x)) of type "raw"
and provides a valid `[` method, e.g., for
gmp::as.bigz(.) numbers.
chisq.test(*, simulate.p.value=TRUE) and
r2dtable() now work correctly for large table entries (in the
millions). Reported by Sebastian Meyer and investigated by more
helpers in PR#16184.
Low-level socket read/write operations have been fixed to correctly signal communication errors. Previously, such errors could lead to a segfault due to invalid memory access. Reported and debugged by Dmitriy Selivanov in PR#17850.
quantile(x, pr) works more consistently for pr
values slightly outside [0,1], thanks to Suharto Anggono's PR#17891.
Further, quantile(x, prN, names=FALSE) now works even when
prN contains NAs, thanks to Anggono's PR#17892.
Ditto for ordered factors or Date objects
when type = 1 or 3, thanks to PR#17899.
Libcurl-based internet access, including
curlGetHeaders(), was not respecting the "timeout"
option. If this causes unanticipated timeouts, consider
increasing the default by setting R_DEFAULT_INTERNET_TIMEOUT.
as.Date(<char>) now also works with an initial
"", thanks to Michael Chirico's PR#17909.
isS3stdGeneric(f) now detects an S3 generic also when it
it is trace()d, thanks to Gabe Becker's PR#17917.
R_allocLD() has been fixed to return memory aligned for
long double type PR#16534.
fisher.test() no longer segfaults when called again after
its internal stack has been exceeded PR#17904.
Accessing a long vector represented by a compact integer sequence no longer segfaults (reported and debugged by Hugh Parsonage).
duplicated() now works also for strings with multiple
encodings inside a single vector PR#17809.
phyper(11, 15, 0, 12, log.p=TRUE) no longer gives
NaN; reported as PR#17271 by Alexey Stukalov.
Fix incorrect calculation in logLik.nls() PR#16100, patch
from Sebastian Meyer.
A very old bug could cause a segfault in model.matrix()
when terms involved logical variables. Part of PR#17879.
model.frame.default() allowed data = 1, leading to
involuntary variable capture (rest of PR#17879).
tar() no longer skips non-directory files, thanks to a
patch by Sebastian Meyer, fixing the remaining part of PR#16716.
CHANGES IN R 4.0.2R CMD check skips vignette re-building (with a
warning) if the VignetteBuilder package(s) are not available.
Paths with non-ASCII characters caused problems for package loading on Windows PR#17833.
Using tcltk widgets no longer crashes R on Windows.
source(*, echo=TRUE) no longer fails in some cases with
empty lines; reported by Bill Dunlap in PR#17769.
on.exit() now correctly matches named arguments, thanks
to PR#17815 (including patch) by Brodie Gaslam.
regexpr(*, perl=TRUE) no longer returns incorrect
positions into text containing characters outside of the Unicode
Basic Multilingual Plane on Windows.
CHANGES IN R 4.0.1paste() and paste0() gain a new optional
argument recycle0. When set to true, zero-length
arguments are recycled leading to character(0) after the
sep-concatenation, i.e., to the empty string "" if
collapse is a string and to the zero-length value
character(0) when collapse = NULL.
A package whose code uses this should depend on R (>= 4.0.1).
The summary(<warnings>) method now maps the counts
correctly to the warning messages.
aov(frml, ...) now also works where the formula
deparses to more than 500 characters, thanks to a report and patch
proposal by Jan Hauffa.
Fix a dozen places (code, examples) as Sys.setlocale()
returns the new rather than the previous setting.
Fix for adding two complex grid units via sum().
Thanks to Gu Zuguang for the report and Thomas Lin Pedersen for
the patch.
Fix parallel::mclapply(..., mc.preschedule=FALSE)
to handle raw vector results correctly. PR#17779
Computing the base value, i.e., 2, “everywhere”,
now uses FLT_RADIX, as the original ‘machar’ code looped
indefinitely on the ppc64 architecture for the longdouble case.
In R 4.0.0, sort.list(x) when is.object(x) was
true, e.g., for x <- I(letters), was accidentally using
method = "radix". Consequently, e.g., merge(<data.frame>)
was much slower than previously; reported in PR#17794.
plot(y ~ x, ylab = quote(y[i])) now works, as e.g., for
xlab; related to PR#10525.
parallel::detect.cores(all.tests = TRUE) tries a
matching OS name before the other tests (which were intended only
for unknown OSes).
Parse data for raw strings is now recorded correctly. Reported by Gabor Csardi.
CHANGES IN R 4.0.0Packages need to be (re-)installed under this version (4.0.0) of R.
matrix objects now also inherit from class
"array", so e.g., class(diag(1)) is c("matrix",
"array"). This invalidates code incorrectly assuming that
class(matrix_obj)) has length one.
S3 methods for class "array" are now dispatched for
matrix objects.
There is a new syntax for specifying raw character
constants similar to the one used in C++: r"(...)" with
... any character sequence not containing the sequence
)".
This makes it easier to write strings that contain backslashes or
both single and double quotes. For more details see ?Quotes.
R now uses a stringsAsFactors = FALSE default, and
hence by default no longer converts strings to factors in calls
to data.frame() and read.table().
A large number of packages relied on the previous behaviour and so have needed/will need updating.
The plot() S3 generic function is now in package
base rather than package graphics, as it is
reasonable to have methods that do not use the graphics
package. The generic is currently re-exported from the
graphics namespace to allow packages importing it from
there to continue working, but this may change in future.
Packages which define S4 generics for plot() should be
re-installed and package code using such generics from other
packages needs to ensure that they are imported rather than rely
on their being looked for on the search path (as in a namespace,
the base namespace has precedence over the search path).
Reference counting is now used instead of the NAMED
mechanism for determining when objects can be safely mutated in
base C code. This reduces the need for copying in some cases and
should allow further optimizations in the future. It should
help make the internal code easier to maintain.
This change is expected to have almost no impact on packages using supported coding practices in their C/C++ code.
This version of R is built against the PCRE2 library for
Perl-like regular expressions, if available. (On non-Windows
platforms PCRE1 can optionally be used if PCRE2 is not available
at build time.) The version of PCRE in use can be obtained
via extSoftVersion(): PCRE1 (formerly known as
‘PCRE’) has versions <= 8, PCRE2 versions >= 10.
Making PCRE2 available when building R from source is strongly recommended (preferably version 10.30 or later) as PCRE1 is no longer developed: version 8.44 is ‘likely to be the final release’.
PCRE2 reports errors for some regular expressions that were accepted by PCRE1. A hyphen now has to be escaped in a character class to be interpreted as a literal (unless first or last in the class definition). \R, \B and \X are no longer allowed in character classes (PCRE1 treated these as literals).
Option PCRE_study is no longer used with PCRE2, and is
reported as FALSE when that is in use.
assertError() and assertWarning() (in package
tools) can now check for specific error or warning
classes via the new optional second argument classes
(which is not back compatible with previous use of an unnamed second
argument).
DF2formula(), the utility for the data frame method of
formula(), now works without parsing and explicit evaluation,
starting from Suharto Anggono's suggestion in PR#17555.
approxfun() and approx() gain a new argument
na.rm defaulting to true. If set to false, missing
y values now propagate into the interpolated values.
Long vectors are now supported as the seq argument of
a for() loop.
str(x) gets a new deparse.lines option with a
default to speed it up when x is a large call object.
The internal traceback object produced when an error is
signalled (.Traceback), now contains the calls
rather than the deparse()d calls, deferring the
deparsing to the user-level functions .traceback() and
traceback(). This fulfils the wish of PR#17580, reported
including two patch proposals by Brodie Gaslam.
data.matrix() now converts character columns to
factors and from this to integers.
package.skeleton() now explicitly lists all exports
in the ‘NAMESPACE’ file.
New function .S3method() to register S3 methods in R
scripts.
file.path() has some support for file paths not in
the session encoding, e.g. with UTF-8 inputs in a
non-UTF-8 locale the output is marked as UTF-8.
Most functions with file-path inputs will give an explicit
error if a file-path input in a marked encoding cannot be
translated (to the native encoding or in some cases on Windows to
UTF-8), rather than translate to a different file path using
escapes. Some (such as dir.exists(), file.exists(),
file.access(), file.info(), list.files(),
normalizePath() and path.expand()) treat this like
any other non-existent file, often with a warning.
There is a new help document accessed by
help("file path encoding") detailing how file paths with
marked encodings are handled.
New function list2DF() for creating data frames from
lists of variables.
iconv() has a new option sub = "Unicode" to
translate UTF-8 input invalid in the to encoding using
<U+xxxx> escapes.
There is a new function infoRDS() providing information
about the serialization format of a serialized object.
S3 method lookup now by default skips the elements of the search path between the global and base environments.
Added an argument add_datalist(*, small.size = 0) to
allow the creation of a ‘data/datalist’ file even when the
total size of the data sets is small.
The backquote function bquote() has a new argument
splice to enable splicing a computed list of values into an
expression, like ,@ in LISP's backquote.
The formula interface to t.test() and
wilcox.test() has been extended to handle one-sample and
paired tests.
The palette() function has a new default set of
colours (which are less saturated and have better accessibility
properties). There are also some new built-in palettes, which
are listed by the new palette.pals() function. These
include the old default palette under the name "R3". Finally,
the new palette.colors() function allows a subset of
colours to be selected from any of the built-in palettes.
n2mfrow() gains an option asp = 1 to specify the
aspect ratio, fulfilling the wish and extending the proposal of
Michael Chirico in PR#17648.
For head(x, n) and tail() the default and
other S3 methods notably for vector n, e.g. to get a
“corner” of a matrix, has been extended to array's
of higher dimension thanks to the patch proposal by Gabe Becker in
PR#17652. Consequently, optional argument addrownums is
deprecated and replaced by the (more general) argument
keepnums. An invalid second argument n now leads
to typically more easily readable error messages.
New function .class2() provides the full character
vector of class names used for S3 method dispatch.
Printing methods(..) now uses a new format() method.
sort.list(x) now works for non-atomic objects
x and method = "auto" (the default) or
"radix" in cases order(x) works, typically via a
xtfrm() method.
Where they are available, writeBin() allows
long vectors.
New function deparse1() produces one string, wrapping
deparse(), to be used typically in
deparse1(substitute(*)), e.g., to fix PR#17671.
wilcox.test() enhancements: In the (non-paired)
two-sample case, Inf values are treated as very large for
robustness consistency. If exact computations are used, the
result now has "exact" in the method element of its
return value. New arguments tol.root and
digits.rank where the latter may be used for stability to
treat very close numbers as ties.
readBin() and writeBin() now report an error
for an invalid endian value. The affected code needs to be
fixed with care as the old undocumented behavior was to swap
endian-ness in such cases.
sequence() is now an S3 generic with an internally
implemented default method, and gains arguments to generate more
complex sequences. Based on code from the S4Vectors
Bioconductor package and the advice of Hervé Pagès.
print()'s default method and many other methods (by
calling the default eventually and passing ...) now make
use of a new optional width argument, avoiding the need for
the user to set and reset options("width").
memDecompress() supports the RFC 1952 format
(e.g. in-memory copies of gzip-compressed files)
as well as RFC 1950.
memCompress() and memDecompress() support long
raw vectors for types "gzip" and "zx".
sweep() and slice.index() can now use names
of dimnames for their MARGIN argument (apply has
had this for almost a decade).
New function proportions() and
marginSums(). These should replace the unfortunately named
prop.table() and margin.table(). They are drop-in
replacements, but also add named-margin functionality. The old
function names are retained as aliases for back-compatibility.
Functions rbinom(), rgeom(), rhyper(),
rpois(), rnbinom(), rsignrank() and
rwilcox() which have returned integer since R 3.0.0 and hence
NA when the numbers would have been outside the integer range,
now return double vectors (without NAs, typically) in these cases.
matplot(x,y) (and hence matlines() and
matpoints()) now call the corresponding methods of
plot() and lines(), e.g, when x is a
"Date" or "POSIXct" object; prompted by Spencer Graves'
suggestion.
stopifnot() now allows customizing error messages via
argument names, thanks to a patch proposal by Neal Fultz in PR#17688.
unlink() gains a new argument expand to disable
wildcard and tilde expansion. Elements of x of value
"~" are now ignored.
mle() in the stats4 package has had its
interface extended so that arguments to the negative
log-likelihood function can be one or more vectors, with similar
conventions applying to bounds, start values, and parameter values
to be kept fixed. This required a minor extension to class
"mle", so saved objects from earlier versions may need to
be recomputed.
The default for pdf() is now
useDingbats = FALSE.
The default fill colour for hist() and
boxplot() is now col = "lightgray".
The default order of the levels on the y-axis for
spineplot() and cdplot() has been reversed.
If the R_ALWAYS_INSTALL_TESTS environment variable is
set to a true value, R CMD INSTALL behaves as if
the --install-tests option is always specified. Thanks to
Reinhold Koch for the suggestion.
New function R_user_dir() in package tools
suggests paths appropriate for storing R-related user-specific
data, configuration and cache files.
capabilities() gains a new logical option Xchk
to avoid warnings about X11-related capabilities.
The internal implementation of grid units has changed, but the only visible effects at user-level should be
a slightly different print format for some units (especially unit arithmetic),
faster performance (for unit operations) and
two new functions unitType() and unit.psum().
Based on code contributed by Thomas Lin Pedersen.
When internal dispatch for rep.int()
and rep_len() fails, there is an attempt to dispatch on the
equivalent call to rep().
Object .Machine now contains new longdouble.*
entries (when R uses long doubles internally).
news() has been enhanced to cover the news on R 3.x
and 2.x.
For consistency, N <- NULL; N[[1]] <- val now turns
N into a list also when val) has length one.
This enables dimnames(r1)[[1]] <- "R1" for a 1-row matrix
r1, fixing PR#17719 reported by Serguei Sokol.
deparse(..), dump(..), and dput(x,
control = "all") now include control option "digits17"
which typically ensures 1:1 invertibility. New option
control = "exact" ensures numeric exact invertibility
via "hexDigits".
When loading data sets via read.table(),
data() now uses LC_COLLATE=C to ensure
locale-independent results for possible string-to-factor
conversions.
A server socket connection, a new connection type
representing a listening server socket, is created via
serverSocket() and can accept multiple socket connections
via socketAccept().
New function socketTimeout() changes the connection
timeout of a socket connection.
The time needed to start a homogeneous PSOCK cluster on localhost with many nodes has been significantly reduced (package parallel).
New globalCallingHandlers() function to establish
global condition handlers. This allows registering default
handlers for specific condition classes. Developed in
collaboration with Lionel Henry.
New function tryInvokeRestart() to invoke a specified
restart if one is available and return without signaling an error
if no such restart is found. Contributed by Lionel Henry in
PR#17598.
str(x) now shows the length of attributes in some
cases for a data frame x.
Rprof() gains a new argument filter.callframes
to request that intervening call frames due to lazy evaluation or
explicit eval() calls be omitted from the recorded profile
data. Contributed by Lionel Henry in PR#17595.
The handling of ${FOO-bar} and ${FOO:-bar}
in ‘Renviron’ files now follows POSIX shells (at least on a
Unix-alike), so the first treats empty environment variables as
set and the second does not. Previously both ignored empty
variables. There are several uses of the first form in
‘etc/Renviron’.
New classes argument for suppressWarnings()
and suppressMessages() to selectively suppress only
warnings or messages that inherit from particular classes.
Based on patch from Lionel Henry submitted with PR#17619.
New function activeBindingFunction() retrieves the
function of an active binding.
New "cairoFT" and "pango" components in the
output of grSoftVersion().
New argument symbolfamily in cairo-based graphics
devices and new function cairoSymbolFont() that can be used
to provide the value for that argument.
Rterm now works also when invoked from MSYS2
terminals. Line editing is possible when command winpty is
installed.
normalizePath() now resolves symbolic links and
normalizes case of long names of path elements in case-insensitive
folders (PR#17165).
md5sum() supports UTF-8 file names with characters
that cannot be translated to the native encoding (PR#17633).
Rterm gains a new option --workspace to
specify the workspace to be restored. This allows equals to be
part of the name when opening via Windows file associations
(reported by Christian Asseburg).
Rterm now accepts ALT+xxx sequences also
with NumLock on. Tilde can be pasted with an Italian keyboard
(PR#17679).
R falls back to copying when junction creation fails during package checking (patch from Duncan Murdoch).
Make macro F77_VISIBILITY has been removed and replaced by F_VISIBILITY.
Make macros F77, FCPIFCPLAGS and
SHLIB_OPENMP_FCFLAGS have been removed and replaced by
FC, FPICFLAGS and SHLIB_OPENMP_FFLAGS
respectively. (Most make programs will set F77
to the value of FC, which is set for package compilation.
But portable code should not rely on this.)
The deprecated support for specifying C++98 for package installation has been removed.
R CMD config no longer knows about the
unused settings F77 and FCPIFCPLAGS, nor
CXX98 and similar.
Either PCRE2 or PCRE1 >= 8.32 (Nov 2012) is required: the deprecated provision for 8.20–8.31 has been removed.
Defunct functions mem.limits(), .readRDS(),
.saveRDS(),..find.package(), and .path.package()
from package base
and allGenerics(), getAccess(), getAllMethods(),
getClassName(), getClassPackage(), getExtends(),
getProperties(), getPrototype(),
getSubclasses(), getVirtual(), mlistMetaName(),
removeMethodsObject(), seemsS4Object(),
traceOff(), and traceOn() from methods have been
removed.
installChar is now remapped in ‘Rinternals.h’ to
installTrChar, of which it has been a wrapper since
R 3.6.0. Neither are part of the API, but packages using
installChar can replace it if they depend on R >= 3.6.2.
Header ‘R_ext/Print.h’ defines R_USE_C99_IN_CXX
and hence exposes Rvprintf and REvprintf if used
with a C++11 (or later) compiler.
There are new Fortran subroutines dblepr1,
realpr1 and intpr1 to print a scalar variable
(gfortran 10 enforces the distinction between scalars
and length-one arrays). Also labelpr to print just a label.
R_withCallingErrorHandler is now available for
establishing a calling handler in C code for conditions inheriting
from class error.
User-set DEFS (e.g., in ‘config.site’) is now used for compiling packages (including base packages).
There is a new variant option --enable-lto=check for checking consistency of BLAS/LAPACK/LINPACK calls — see ‘Writing R Extensions’.
A C++ compiler default is set only if the C++11 standard is supported: it no longer falls back to C++98.
PCRE2 is used if available. To make use of PCRE1 if PCRE2 is unavailable, configure with option --with-pcre1.
The minimum required version of libcurl is now 7.28.0
(Oct 2012).
New make target distcheck checks
R can be rebuilt from the tarball created by
make dist,
the build from the tarball passes make check-all,
the build installs and uninstalls,
the source files are properly cleaned by make distclean.
R --help now mentions the option --no-echo
(renamed from --slave) and its previously undocumented
short form -s.
R CMD check now optionally checks
configure and cleanup scripts for
non-Bourne-shell code (‘bashisms’).
R CMD check --as-cran now runs \donttest
examples (which are run by example()) instead of
instructing the tester to do so. This can be temporarily
circumvented during development by setting environment variable
_R_CHECK_DONTTEST_EXAMPLES_ to a false value.
There is the beginnings of support for the recently approved
C++20 standard, specified analogously to C++14 and C++17. There is
currently only limited support for this in compilers, with flags
such as -std=c++20 and -std=c++2a. For the time
being the configure test is of accepting one of these
flags and compiling C++17 code.
formula(x) with length(x) > 1 character vectors,
is deprecated now. Such use has been rare, and has ‘worked’
as expected in some cases only. In other cases, wrong x have
silently been truncated, not detecting previous errors.
Long-standing issue where the X11 device could lose events shortly after startup has been addressed (PR#16702).
The data.frame method for rbind() no longer
drops <NA> levels from factor columns by default
(PR#17562).
available.packages() and hence install.packages()
now pass their ... argument to download.file(),
fulfilling the wish of PR#17532; subsequently,
available.packages() gets new argument quiet, solving
PR#17573.
stopifnot() gets new argument exprObject to allow
an R object of class expression (or other ‘language’)
to work more consistently, thanks to suggestions by Suharto Anggono.
conformMethod() now works correctly in cases containing
a “&& logic” bug, reported by Henrik Bengtsson. It now
creates methods with "missing" entries in the signature.
Consequently, rematchDefinition() is amended to use
appropriate .local() calls with named arguments where needed.
format.default(*, scientific = FALSE) now corresponds to
a practically most extreme options(scipen = n) setting rather
than arbitrary n = 100.
format(as.symbol("foo")) now works (returning "foo").
postscript(.., title = *) now signals an error when
the title string contains a character which would produce corrupt
PostScript, thanks to PR#17607 by Daisuko Ogawa.
Certain Ops (notably comparison such as ==) now
also work for 0-length data frames, after reports by Hilmar Berger.
methods(class = class(glm(..))) now warns more usefully
and only once.
write.dcf() no longer mangles field names (PR#17589).
Primitive replacement functions no longer mutate a referenced first argument when used outside of a complex assignment context.
A better error message for contour(*, levels = Inf).
The return value of contourLines() is no longer
invisible().
The Fortran code for calculating the coefficients
component in lm.influence() was very inefficient. It has
(for now) been replaced with much faster R code (PR#17624).
cm.colors(n) etc no longer append the code for
alpha = 1, "FF", to all colors. Hence all eight
*.colors() functions and rainbow() behave
consistently and have the same non-explicit default (PR#17659).
dnorm had a problematic corner case with sd ==
-Inf or negative sd which was not flagged as an error in
all cases. Thanks to Stephen D. Weigand for reporting and Wang
Jiefei for analyzing this; similar change has been made in
dlnorm().
The optional iter.smooth argument of
plot.lm(), (the plot() method for lm and
glm fits) now defaults to 0 for all glm fits.
Especially for binary observations with high or low fitted
probabilities, this effectively deleted all observations of 1 or
0. Also, the type of residuals used in the glm case has
been switched to "pearson" since deviance residuals do not
in general have approximately zero mean.
In plot.lm, Cook's distance was computed from unweighted
residuals, leading to inconsistencies. Replaced with usual weighted
version. (PR#16056)
Time-series ts(*, start, end, frequency) with
fractional frequency are supported more consistently;
thanks to a report from Johann Kleinbub and analysis and patch by
Duncan Murdoch in PR#17669.
In case of errors mcmapply() now preserves attributes
of returned "try-error" objects and avoids simplification,
overriding SIMPLIFY to FALSE. (PR#17653)
as.difftime() gets new optional tz = "UTC"
argument which should fix behaviour during
daylight-savings-changeover days, fixing PR#16764, thanks to
proposals and analysis by Johannes Ranke and Kirill Müller.
round() does a better job of rounding
“to nearest” by measuring and
“to even”; thanks to a careful algorithm originally
prompted by the report from Adam Wheeler and then others, in
PR#17668.
round(x, dig) for negative digits
is much more rational now, notably for large |dig|.
Inheritance information on S4 classes is maintained more consistently, particularly in the case of class unions (in part due to PR#17596 and a report from Ezra Tucker).
is() behaves more robustly when its argument
class2 is a classRepresentation object.
The warning message when attempting to export an nonexistent class is now more readable; thanks to Thierry Onkelinx for recognizing the problem.
choose() misbehaved in corner cases where it switched
n - k for k and n was only nearly integer
(report from Erik Scott Wright).
mle() in the stats4 package had problems
combining use of box constraints and fixed starting values (in
particular, confidence intervals were affected).
Operator ? now has lower precedence than = to
work as documented, so = behaves like <- in help
expressions (PR#16710).
smoothEnds(x) now returns integer type in
both cases when x is integer, thanks to a
report and proposal by Bill Dunlap PR#17693.
The methods package does a better job of tracking inheritance relationships across packages.
norm(diag(c(1, NA)), "2") now works.
subset() had problems with 0-col dataframes (reported
by Bill Dunlap, PR#17721).
Several cases of integer overflow detected by the
‘undefined behaviour sanitizer’ of clang 10 have
been circumvented. One in rhyper() may change the
generated value for large input values.
dotchart() now places the y-axis label (ylab)
much better, not overplotting labels, thanks to a report and
suggestion by Alexey Shipunov.
A rare C-level array overflow in chull() has been
worked around.
Some invalid specifications of the day-of-the-year
(via %j, e.g. day 366 in 2017) or week
plus day-of-the-week are now detected by strptime().
They now return NA but give a warning as they may have
given random results or corrupted memory in earlier versions of R.
socketConnection(server = FALSE) now respects the
connection timeout also on Linux.
socketConnection(server = FALSE) no longer leaks a
connection that is available right away without waiting (e.g. on
localhost).
Socket connections are now robust against spurious readability and spurious availability of an incoming connection.
blocking = FALSE is now respected also on the server side
of a socket connection, allowing non-blocking read operations.
anova.glm() and anova.glmlist() computed
incorrect score (Rao) tests in no-intercept cases. (André
Gillibert, PR#17734)
summaryRprof() now should work correctly for the
Rprof(*, memory.profiling=TRUE) case with small chunk size (and
"tseries" or similar) thanks to a patch proposal by Benjamin
Tyner, in PR#15886.
xgettext() ignores strings passed to
ngettext(), since the latter is handled by
xngettext(). Thanks to Daniele Medri for the report and all
the recent work he has done on the Italian translations.
data(package = "P") for P in base and
stats no longer reports the data sets from package
datasets (which it did for back compatibility for 16 years),
fixing PR#17730.
x[[Inf]] (returning NULL) no longer leads to
undefined behavior, thanks to a report by Kirill Müller in
PR#17756. Further, x[[-Inf]] and x[[-n]] now give
more helpful error messages.
Gamma() family sometimes had trouble storing
link name PR#15891
Sys.glob() now supports all characters
from the Unicode Basic Multilingual Plane, no longer corrupting
some (less commonly used) characters (PR#17638).
Rterm now correctly displays
multi-byte-coded characters representable in the current native
encoding (at least on Windows 10 they were sometimes omitted,
PR#17632).
scan() issues with UTF-8 data when running in a DBCS
locale have been resolved (PR#16520, PR#16584).
Rterm now accepts enhanced/arrow keys also with
ConPTY.
R can can now be started via the launcher icon in a user documents directory whose path is not representable in the system encoding.
socketConnection(server = FALSE) now returns instantly
also on Windows when connection failure is signalled.
Problems with UTF-16 surrogate pairs have been fixed in
several functions, including tolower() and
toupper() (PR#17645).
Older news can be found in text format in files NEWS.0, NEWS.1, NEWS.2 and and NEWS.3 in the ‘doc’ directory. News in HTML format for R versions 3.x and from 2.10.0 to 2.15.3 is available at NEWS.3.html and NEWS.2.html.